Comparison of techniques for the analysis of industrial soils by atomic spectrometry

被引:20
作者
Anderson, P
Davidson, CM [1 ]
Littlejohn, D
Ure, AM
Garden, LM
Marshall, J
机构
[1] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, Glasgow G1 1XL, Lanark, Scotland
[2] ICI Res & Technol Ctr, Middlesbrough TS90 8JE, Cleveland, England
关键词
contaminated land; microwave assisted digestion; atomic absorption spectrometry; inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry; portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometry;
D O I
10.1080/03067319808032615
中图分类号
O65 [分析化学];
学科分类号
070302 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Methods based on AAS, ICP-AES and XRFS have been developed for determination of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in soil layers from pits excavated on a redundant industrial site. Samples were dried and sieved, and the < 2 mm fraction was ground in a ball mill prior to analysis. For ICP-AES and AAS, Ig sub-samples were digested with aqua regia in a microwave oven. The dry weight detection Limits of the analytes were in the range 2-25 mu g g(-1) for FAAS, 0.003-0.2 mu g g(-1) for ETAAS and 0.04-1.6 mu g g(-1) for ICP-AES. When digests of the industrial soils were analysed, calibration with acid-matched standards gave acceptable accuracy for all the analytes, except for Cd when determined by ETAAS (30-40 % suppression). Despite lack of reference materials of industrial origin, analysis of two soil reference materials by these techniques produced concentrations that were within +/- 10 % of the certified or recommended values for elements extractable with aqua regia. Direct standard-less analysis of a soil reference material with a portable x-ray fluorescence (P-XRF) analyser gave concentrations for a range of elements that were within a factor of 2 of the certified values. When the XRFS and ICP-AES methods were used to analyse the industrial soils, the concentrations obtained were similar (to within 30%) for Cu, Pb and Zn in most of the samples and for Cr, Mn and Ni in some of the samples. The concentrations of V estimated with the P-XRF analyser were 4 to 7-fold higher than those obtained by ICP-AES. The discrepancies were thought to be caused by spectral enhancement interferences in XRFS. Cadmium was not determined accurately by either ICP-AES or P-XRFS owing to spectral interferences. The work has highlighted the importance of analysing samples from across a site and at different depths, when assessing the extent of metal contamination on industrial land.
引用
收藏
页码:19 / 40
页数:22
相关论文
共 27 条
[1]  
Alloway B.J., 1993, Chemical Principles of Environmental Pollution, Vfirst
[2]  
ALLOWAY BJ, 1992, UNDERSTANDING OUR EN
[3]  
[Anonymous], 1990, HEAVY METALS SOILS
[4]  
[Anonymous], 1965, METHODS SOIL ANAL
[5]  
[Anonymous], 1995, 11466 ISO
[6]   Proficiency testing in sampling: Pilot study on contaminated land [J].
Argyraki, A ;
Ramsey, MH ;
Thompson, M .
ANALYST, 1995, 120 (12) :2799-2803
[7]  
BERROW M L, 1988, Analytical Proceedings, V25, P116
[8]  
DAVIDSON CM, 1996, LAND CONTAM RECLAM, V4, P179
[9]   Site characterization of polluted soils and comparison of screening techniques for heavy metals by mobile ICP-MS, GFAAS/ICP-AES (fixed laboratory) and EDXRF (fixed laboratory) [J].
Duane, MJ ;
Facchetti, S ;
Pigozzi, G .
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 1996, 177 :195-214
[10]   GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SILICATE ROCKS AND SOILS BY XRF USING PRESSED POWDERS AND A 2-STAGE CALIBRATION PROCEDURE [J].
GARDNER, LR .
CHEMICAL GEOLOGY, 1990, 88 (1-2) :169-182