Diffusion of Hydrogen in Pd Assisted by Inelastic Ballistic Hot Electrons

Sykes et al. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 17907 (2005)] have reported how electrons injected from a scanning tunneling microscope modify the diffusion rates of H buried beneath Pd(111). A key point in that experiment is the symmetry between positive and negative voltages for H extraction, which is difficult to explain in view of the large asymmetry in Pd between the electron and hole densities of states. Combining concepts from the theory of ballistic electron microscopy and electron-phonon scattering we show that H diffusion is driven by the s-band electrons only, which explains the observed symmetry.