Influences of habitual and situational bodily symptom focusing on stress responses

Evidence suggests that focusing on bodily symptoms increases perception of internal states. The interaction between situational (experimentally induced) symptom focusing and a disposition to focus on one's bodily symptoms is unclear. We assumed that situational symptom focusing increases perception of stress symptoms only in persons that usually do not focus on their bodily symptoms. Forty participants were divided into two groups (N=20) according to their disposition towards bodily symptom focusing (habitual symptom focusing, HSF+ and HSF-). Ten participants per group were instructed to focus on their neck muscle tension (situational symptom focusing, SSF+), while the others received a control instruction (SSF-). All participants underwent anticipation of a public speech, representing an emotional and mental stressor. There was a significant HSF x SSF interaction in reports on muscle tension and palpitation under stress. While HSF- participants reported more stress symptoms in the SSE+ condition, HSF+ participants reported less symptoms. However, no interaction was found in physiological measures including neck electromyogram, skin conductance reactions, heart rate and blood pressure. Our results indicate either that symptom perception is adjusted by symptom focusing, or that the instruction to use a habitual coping strategy reduces stress symptoms.