[1] Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Med, Div Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England
[2] Univ Edinburgh, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
[3] Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Dept Diabet, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England