Effects of 120 mT static magnetic field on TGF-β1-inhibited endothelial tubular formation in vitro

We designed this study to examine the effects of static magnetic fields (SMF; 120 mT [B-max] and a maximum spatial magnetic flux gradient of 21 mT/mm) on inhibited tubular formation when treated with human transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 at a relatively high concentration (5 ng/ml). Three experimental groups of 25 samples each were examined: (1) sham exposure alone (control); (2) shamexposure with TGF-beta 1; (3) SMF exposure with TGF-beta 1. The SMF or sham exposure was carried out for 10 days. Photomicrographs of tubular cells, immunostained with an anti-platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1 [CD31]) antibody as a pan-endothelial marker, were analyzed after the 10-day culture. SMF was found to significantly reverse the inhibition of TGF-beta 1 on tubular formation in terms of the area density and length of tubules (arteriogenesis) in the peripheral part of the wells, compared with the TGF-beta 1 treatment alone. These findings suggest that one of the possible exogenous factors for arteriogenesis might involve 'magnetic force' (the product of the magnetic flux density, the magnetic gradient, and the volume susceptibility of the cells) because values are much larger in the peripheral part than in the central part.