Sequential Processing for Organic Photovoltaics: Design Rules for Morphology Control by Tailored Semi-Orthogonal Solvent Blends

被引:91
作者
Aguirre, Jordan C. [1 ]
Hawks, Steven A. [2 ]
Ferreira, Amy S. [1 ]
Yee, Patrick [1 ]
Subramaniyan, Selvam [3 ,4 ]
Jenekhe, Samson A. [3 ,4 ]
Tolbert, Sarah H. [1 ,2 ,5 ]
Schwartz, Benjamin J. [1 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
[2] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
[3] Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[4] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[5] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) FILMS; INTERNAL QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; BULK-HETEROJUNCTION; REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); INTERPENETRATING NETWORK; SOLUBILITY PARAMETERS; PHASE-SEPARATION; THIN-FILMS; IN-SITU;
D O I
10.1002/aenm.201402020
中图分类号
O64 [物理化学(理论化学)、化学物理学];
学科分类号
070304 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Design rules are presented for significantly expanding sequential processing (SqP) into previously inaccessible polymer:fullerene systems by tailoring binary solvent blends for fullerene deposition. Starting with a base solvent that has high fullerene solubility, 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), ellipsometry-based swelling experiments are used to investigate different co-solvents for the fullerene-casting solution. By tuning the Flory-Huggins parameter of the 2-CP/co-solvent blend, it is possible to optimally swell the polymer of interest for fullerene interdiffusion without dissolution of the polymer underlayer. In this way solar cell power conversion efficiencies are obtained for the PTB7 (poly[(4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b]dithiophene-2,6-diyl)(3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl)]) and PC61BM (phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester) materials combination that match those of blend-cast films. Both semicrystalline (e.g., P3HT (poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)) and entirely amorphous (e.g., PSDTTT (poly[(4,8-di(2-butyloxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b]dithiophene-2,6-diyl)-alt-(2,5-bis(4,4-bis(2-octyl)dithieno[3,2-b:23-d]silole-2,6-diyl)thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole)]) conjugated polymers can be processed into highly efficient photovoltaic devices using the solvent-blend SqP design rules. Grazing-incidence wide-angle x-ray diffraction experiments confirm that proper choice of the fullerene casting co-solvent yields well-ordered interdispersed bulk heterojunction (BHJ) morphologies without the need for subsequent thermal annealing or the use of trace solvent additives (e.g., diiodooctane). The results open SqP to polymer/fullerene systems that are currently incompatible with traditional methods of device fabrication, and make BHJ morphology control a more tractable problem.
引用
收藏
页数:11
相关论文
共 94 条
[1]   Panoramic View of Electrochemical Pseudocapacitor and Organic Solar Cell Research in Molecularly Engineered Energy Materials (MEEM) [J].
Aguirre, Jordan C. ;
Ferreira, Amy ;
Ding, Hong ;
Jenekhe, Samson A. ;
Kopidakis, Nikos ;
Asta, Mark ;
Pilon, Laurent ;
Rubin, Yves ;
Tolbert, Sarah H. ;
Schwartz, Benjamin J. ;
Dunn, Bruce ;
Ozolins, Vidvuds .
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C, 2014, 118 (34) :19505-19523
[2]  
[Anonymous], ADV ENERGY MAT
[3]  
[Anonymous], ADV ENERGY MAT
[4]   Ultrafast Studies of Exciton Migration and Polaron Formation in Sequentially Solution-Processed Conjugated Polymer/Fullerene Quasi-Bilayer Photovoltaics [J].
Ayzner, Alexander L. ;
Doan, Stephanie C. ;
de Villers, Bertrand Tremolet ;
Schwartz, Benjamin J. .
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS, 2012, 3 (16) :2281-2287
[5]   Reappraising the Need for Bulk Heterojunctions in Polymer-Fullerene Photovoltaics: The Role of Carrier Transport in All-Solution-Processed P3HT/PCBM Bilayer Solar Cells [J].
Ayzner, Alexander L. ;
Tassone, Christopher J. ;
Tolbert, Sarah H. ;
Schwartz, Benjamin J. .
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C, 2009, 113 (46) :20050-20060
[6]   The Importance of Fullerene Percolation in the Mixed Regions of Polymer-Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells [J].
Bartelt, Jonathan A. ;
Beiley, Zach M. ;
Hoke, Eric T. ;
Mateker, William R. ;
Douglas, Jessica D. ;
Collins, Brian A. ;
Tumbleston, John R. ;
Graham, Kenneth R. ;
Amassian, Aram ;
Ade, Harald ;
Frechet, Jean M. J. ;
Toney, Michael F. ;
McGehee, Michael D. .
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS, 2013, 3 (03) :364-374
[9]   Advanced Ellipsometric Characterization of Conjugated Polymer Films [J].
Campoy-Quiles, Mariano ;
Isabel Alonso, M. ;
Bradley, Donal D. C. ;
Richter, Lee J. .
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, 2014, 24 (15) :2116-2134
[10]   Initiated chemical vapor deposition of linear and cross-linked poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) for use as thin-film hydrogels [J].
Chan, K ;
Gleason, KK .
LANGMUIR, 2005, 21 (19) :8930-8939