Lung volume reduction surgery - Case selection, operative technique, and clinical results

Objective A clinical study was undertaken to define optimal preoperative strategies and intraoperative techniques that would result in the least morbidity and maximum physiologic improvement in patients with end-stage emphysema selected for lung volume reduction surgery, Background Lung volume reduction surgery recently has been advocated as an alternative or a bridge to lung transplantation for patients with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The risks, benefits, and long-term results have not been clarified. Methods Twenty-six patients underwent lung volume reduction surgery with a 3-month follow-up on 17 patients. Preoperative acid postoperative changes in pulmonary function parameters, quality of life, and oxygen requirement were analyzed. The value of preoperative localization of diseased lung segments and how this affects intraoperative resection is addressed. Results Forty-nine percent improvement in FEV(1) (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) and 23% improvement in FVC (forced vital capacity) were seen after lung volume reduction surgery. Supplemental oxygen requirement was decreased and 79% of patients reported a much better quality of life. Mortality was 3.8% and air leak morbidity was 18%. Conclusions Lung volume reduction surgery can predictably improve objective and subjective pulmonary function in selected patients with end-stage emphysema with low morbidity and mortality. Careful patient selection, accurate preoperative localization of diseased target areas, skilled anesthetic technique, meticulous operative approach, and intense postoperative support are essential to achieve favorable results.