Predator size - prey size relationships of marine fish predators: interspecific variation and effects of ontogeny and body size on trophic-niche breadth

被引:670
作者
Scharf, FS
Juanes, F
Rountree, RA
机构
[1] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
[2] Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
[3] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NEFSC, Woods Hole Marine Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
关键词
predator-prey; body size; piscivorous fish; trophic niche; gape size;
D O I
10.3354/meps208229
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
We utilized a long-term data base collected over a broad geographic range to examine predator size-prey size relationships for 18 species of marine fish predators from continental shelf waters off the northeast US coast. Regression analysis was used to illustrate interspecific variation in ontogenetic patterns of prey size use, gape allometries, and ratio-based trophic niche breadths. Size-based feeding strategies were assessed through comparison of frequency distributions of relative prey sizes eaten and were related to general predator feeding tactics and gape morphology. The results demonstrated that the range of prey sizes eaten expanded with increasing predator body size for each of the marine predators examined, leading to asymmetric predator size-prey size distributions. Absolute maximum prey size and slopes of maximum prey size versus predator size varied widely among predator taxa. Distinct size-based feeding strategies were evident, as diets of some predators were dominated by prey that were 10 to 20% of predator size, whereas other predators frequently consumed prey >50 % of predator size. Gape sizes and allometric relationships with body size were also diverse among predators and often were closely associated with maximum prey sizes. Ratio-based trophic-niche breadths generally did not expand with predator ontogeny and tended to narrow for the largest predators, which may be common for animal taxa.
引用
收藏
页码:229 / 248
页数:20
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