[1] Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Trauma & Surg Crit Care, Providence, RI 02903 USA
[2] Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA
[3] Rhode Isl Hosp, Surg Unit, Providence, RI 02903 USA
[4] Rhode Isl Hosp, Trauma Intens Care Unit, Providence, RI 02903 USA