Complexity of coupled human and natural systems

被引：2263

作者：

Liu, Jianguo ^{[1
]}

Dietz, Thomas

Carpenter, Stephen R.

Alberti, Marina

Folke, Carl

Moran, Emilio

Pell, Alice N.

Deadman, Peter

Kratz, Timothy

Lubchenco, Jane

Ostrom, Elinor

Ouyang, Zhiyun

Provencher, William

Redman, Charles L.

Schneider, Stephen H.

Taylor, William W.

机构：

[1] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA

[2] Michigan State Univ, Environm Sci & Policy Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA

[3] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[4] Univ Washington, Dept Urban Design & Planning, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[5] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Beijer Int Inst Ecol Econ, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden

[6] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[7] Indiana Univ, Dept Anthropol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA

[8] Cornell Univ, Cornell Int Inst Food Agr & Dev, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

[9] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada

[10] Univ Wisconsin, Trout Lake Stn, Boulder Jct, WI 54512 USA

[11] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA

[12] Indiana Univ, Workshop Polit Theory & Policy Anal, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA

[13] Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China

[14] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[15] Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA

[16] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

来源：

SCIENCE | 2007年 / 317卷 / 5844期

关键词：

D O I：

10.1126/science.1144004

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Integrated studies of coupled human and natural systems reveal new and complex patterns and processes not evident when studied by social or natural scientists separately. Synthesis of six case studies from around the world shows that couplings between human and natural systems vary across space, time, and organizational units. They also exhibit nonlinear dynamics with thresholds, reciprocal feedback loops, time lags, resilience, heterogeneity, and surprises. Furthermore, past couplings have legacy effects on present conditions and future possibilities.

引用

页码：1513 / 1516

页数：4

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