Long-term subjective functional outcome of surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy for advanced stage oral cavity and oropharyngeal carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Although long-term cures have been achieved for locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, there is a paucity of information available regarding patients' perspectives of their functional outcome, PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-five long-term survivors free of disease following surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for advanced cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx were sent questionnaires to evaluate their long-term functional outcome after therapy. The questionnaires included a subjective performance status scale that assessed the patient's perceived (1) ability to eat in public, (2) understandability of speech, and (3) normalcy of diet. Twenty-nine of 35 patients participated in this function assessment and are the subjects of this report, RESULTS: The mean function scores for all patients were as follows: 72 for eating in public, 69 for understandability of speech, and 58 for normalcy of diet. Functional results were further analyzed by T stage and anatomic subsite. Inferior results were noted with increasing T stage. A two-way analysis of variance showed that this difference was significant even after adjusting for the effect of anatomic subsite (P = 0.0002, P = 0.018, and P = 0.0018 for the three outcome variables). In addition, patients with base of tongue lesions had a worse functional outcome for both early T stage (T1/T2) and advanced T stage (T3/T4) when compared to other subsites, This difference averaged across T stage was statistically significant for understandability of speech (P = 0.0019) and normalcy of diet (P = 0.013), but was not significant for eating in public (P = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS: This performance status scale was found to be a useful tool for functional assessment following definitive therapy for advanced stage head and neck carcinomas. These subjective functional scores deteriorated with increasing T stage, In addition, functional scores for oral tongue, floor of mouth, and tonsillar primaries were superior to those for base of tongue lesions, These functional outcome scores are consistent with the extent of surgery required for the base of tongue subsite and are in direct relation to the patients' T stage in this study population.