Real-time aerosol mass spectrometry with millisecond resolution

被引:47
作者
Kimmel, Joel R. [2 ,3 ,4 ]
Farmer, Delphine K. [1 ,4 ]
Cubison, Michael J. [1 ,4 ]
Sueper, Donna [2 ,4 ]
Tanner, Christian [3 ]
Nemitz, Eiko [5 ]
Worsnop, Douglas R. [2 ]
Gonin, Marc [3 ]
Jimenez, Jose L. [1 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
[2] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA
[3] Tofwerk AG, Thun, Switzerland
[4] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
[5] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol CEH, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
Aerosol; Time-of-flight; Mass spectrometry; Analog-to-digital converter (ADC); Eddy covariance flux; GAS-PARTICLE INTERACTIONS; EXCHANGE FLUXES; DUTCH HEATHLAND; SIZE; WATER;
D O I
10.1016/j.ijms.2010.12.004
中图分类号
O64 [物理化学(理论化学)、化学物理学]; O56 [分子物理学、原子物理学];
学科分类号
070203 ; 070304 ; 081704 ; 1406 ;
摘要
The time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (ToF-AMS) determines particle size by measuring velocity after expansion into vacuum and analyzes chemical composition by thermal vaporization and electron ionization mass spectrometry (MS). Monitoring certain dynamic processes requires the ability to track changes in aerosol chemistry and size with sub-second time resolution. We demonstrate a new ToF-AMS data acquisition mode capable of collecting high-resolution aerosol mass spectra at rates exceeding 1 kHz. Coupled aerosol size and MS measurements can be made at approximately 20 Hz. These rates are about 1/10 of the physically meaningful limits imposed by the ToF-AMS detection processes. The fundamentals of the time-of-flight MS (TOFMS) data acquisition system are described and characterized with a simple algebraic model. Derived expressions show how improvements in data acquisition and computer hardware will translate into rates approaching the physical limits. Conclusions regarding limits of performance can be extended to other TOFMS that use analog signal detection in a high-speed application outside of aerosol science. The high-speed acquisition mode of the ToF-AMS enables speciated aerosol eddy covariance flux measurements, which demand precise, 10-Hz synchronization of the MS with a sonic anemometer. Flux data acquired over a forest during the BEARPEX-1 campaign are presented as an example of this new technique. For aircraft measurements, faster acquisition translates to higher spatial resolution, which is demonstrated with data from the recent NASA ARCTAS field campaign in Alaska. Finally, the fast acquisition mode is used to measure the rapid fluctuations in particle emissions of a controlled biomass burn during from the FLAME-2 experiment. To our knowledge this is currently the fastest system for acquisition of chemically resolved aerosol data. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:15 / 26
页数:12
相关论文
共 29 条
[1]   O/C and OM/OC ratios of primary, secondary, and ambient organic aerosols with high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry [J].
Aiken, Allison C. ;
Decarlo, Peter F. ;
Kroll, Jesse H. ;
Worsnop, Douglas R. ;
Huffman, J. Alex ;
Docherty, Kenneth S. ;
Ulbrich, Ingrid M. ;
Mohr, Claudia ;
Kimmel, Joel R. ;
Sueper, Donna ;
Sun, Yele ;
Zhang, Qi ;
Trimborn, Achim ;
Northway, Megan ;
Ziemann, Paul J. ;
Canagaratna, Manjula R. ;
Onasch, Timothy B. ;
Alfarra, M. Rami ;
Prevot, Andre S. H. ;
Dommen, Josef ;
Duplissy, Jonathan ;
Metzger, Axel ;
Baltensperger, Urs ;
Jimenez, Jose L. .
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 2008, 42 (12) :4478-4485
[2]   Elemental analysis of organic species with electron ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry [J].
Aiken, Allison. C. ;
DeCarlo, Peter F. ;
Jimenez, Jose L. .
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 2007, 79 (21) :8350-8358
[3]   A generalised method for the extraction of chemically resolved mass spectra from aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer data [J].
Allan, JD ;
Delia, AE ;
Coe, H ;
Bower, KN ;
Alfarra, MR ;
Jimenez, JL ;
Middlebrook, AM ;
Drewnick, F ;
Onasch, TB ;
Canagaratna, MR ;
Jayne, JT ;
Worsnop, DR .
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE, 2004, 35 (07) :909-922
[4]   MEASURING BIOSPHERE-ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGES OF BIOLOGICALLY RELATED GASES WITH MICROMETEOROLOGICAL METHODS [J].
BALDOCCHI, DD ;
HICKS, BB ;
MEYERS, TP .
ECOLOGY, 1988, 69 (05) :1331-1340
[5]   Vertical aerosol particle fluxes measured by eddy covariance technique using condensational particle counter [J].
Buzorius, G ;
Rannik, U ;
Makela, JM ;
Vesala, T ;
Kulmala, M .
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE, 1998, 29 (1-2) :157-171
[6]   Chemical and microphysical characterization of ambient aerosols with the aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer [J].
Canagaratna, M. R. ;
Jayne, J. T. ;
Jimenez, J. L. ;
Allan, J. D. ;
Alfarra, M. R. ;
Zhang, Q. ;
Onasch, T. B. ;
Drewnick, F. ;
Coe, H. ;
Middlebrook, A. ;
Delia, A. ;
Williams, L. R. ;
Trimborn, A. M. ;
Northway, M. J. ;
DeCarlo, P. F. ;
Kolb, C. E. ;
Davidovits, P. ;
Worsnop, D. R. .
MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS, 2007, 26 (02) :185-222
[7]   An introduction to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry [J].
Chernushevich, IV ;
Loboda, AV ;
Thomson, BA .
JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY, 2001, 36 (08) :849-865
[8]   Fast airborne aerosol size and chemistry measurements above Mexico City and Central Mexico during the MILAGRO campaign [J].
DeCarlo, P. F. ;
Dunlea, E. J. ;
Kimmel, J. R. ;
Aiken, A. C. ;
Sueper, D. ;
Crounse, J. ;
Wennberg, P. O. ;
Emmons, L. ;
Shinozuka, Y. ;
Clarke, A. ;
Zhou, J. ;
Tomlinson, J. ;
Collins, D. R. ;
Knapp, D. ;
Weinheimer, A. J. ;
Montzka, D. D. ;
Campos, T. ;
Jimenez, J. L. .
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, 2008, 8 (14) :4027-4048
[9]   Field-deployable, high-resolution, time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer [J].
DeCarlo, Peter F. ;
Kimmel, Joel R. ;
Trimborn, Achim ;
Northway, Megan J. ;
Jayne, John T. ;
Aiken, Allison C. ;
Gonin, Marc ;
Fuhrer, Katrin ;
Horvath, Thomas ;
Docherty, Kenneth S. ;
Worsnop, Doug R. ;
Jimenez, Jose L. .
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 2006, 78 (24) :8281-8289
[10]   A new time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (TOF-AMS) - Instrument description and first field deployment [J].
Drewnick, F ;
Hings, SS ;
DeCarlo, P ;
Jayne, JT ;
Gonin, M ;
Fuhrer, K ;
Weimer, S ;
Jimenez, JL ;
Demerjian, KL ;
Borrmann, S ;
Worsnop, DR .
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2005, 39 (07) :637-658