Epicardium-derived cells contribute a novel population to the myocardial wall and the atrioventricular cushions

被引:411
作者
Gittenberger-de Groot, AC
Peeters, MPFMV
Mentink, MMT
Gourdie, RG
Poelmann, RE
机构
[1] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anat & Embryol, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands
[2] Med Univ S Carolina, Cardiovasc Dev Biol Ctr, Dept Cell Biol & Anat, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
关键词
atrioventricular cushion; cardiac development; epicardium; myocardial fibroblast; Purkinje fiber;
D O I
10.1161/01.RES.82.10.1043
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
The epicardium and dorsal mesocardium are known to be the source of structures that form the wall of the coronary vessels. Because mouse knockout studies have shown that proper epicardial formation is also essential for myocardial development, we have studied in detail the migration and differentiation of epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) within the developing heart. We constructed chicken-quail chimeras by grafting the quail epicardial organ, including a piece of primordial Liver, at essentially stages 16 and 17. The embryos were studied at stages 25 to 43, To detect quail-derived EPDCs, an anti-quail nucleus antibody was used in combination with several differentiation markers, eg, for muscle actin, for vascular smooth muscle cells, for procollagen-I, for quail endothelium, and for Purkinje fibers. At stages 25 to 31, EPDCs are encountered in the myocardial wall and the subendocardial region. The latter deposition is spatially facilitated as the endocardium protrudes through transient discontinuities in the myocardium to contact the subepicardial layer. Later on, at stages 32 to 43, EPDCs invaded, by way of the atrioventricular sulcus, the atrioventricular cushion tissue. The localization is apparent at the interface with the myocardium, as well as subendocardially, but never within the endocardial lining. The origin of endothelium, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts of the coronary vessel wall from the epicardial graft were confirmed in accordance with already published data. The functional role of the novel EPDCs in the subendocardium, myocardium, and atrioventricular cushions remains to be investigated. A close positional relationship is found with the differentiating Purkinje fibers. Furthermore, a regulatory role is postulated in the process of endocardial-mesenchymal transformation. The ultimate fate of EPDCs seems to be a cardiac fibroblast cell line involved in the formation of the fibrous heart skeleton.
引用
收藏
页码:1043 / 1052
页数:10
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