Perception of brightness with a virtual retinal display using badal projection

We investigated the perception of brightness for red monochromatic laser light. For this purpose, a modified virtual retinal display (VRD) was constructed. The modification involved projecting the laser beam into the eye. In our VRD, the laser beam pivots in the nodal point of the eye (badal system). The displayed image therefore does not depend on the refractive state of the eye. Brightness perception was assessed by means of psychophysical experiments. The results of these experiments indicate that perception of brightness at 652 nm increases more rapidly with increasing physical stimulus than does the perception of white light (colour temperature 2 ' 935 K). At a wavelength of 652 nm, an optical power of 79 nW is required to produce an image subtending 2 degrees of equal brightness, as is perceived with an image of about 2 ' 900 cm/m(2) subtending 2 degrees.