Carotid disease in patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass:: Analysis of 678 patients

The purpose of this article is to investigate the frequency of carotid disease and to identify high-risk groups among patients scheduled for isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures under nonemergent conditions. A total of 678 consecutive patients underwent preoperative carotid artery duplex scanning (CADS) before CABG procedures. Morphology of carotid artery was determined and five groups were formed. Age, sex, cervical bruit, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, smoking, history of cerebrovascular event (CVE), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and severity of coronary artery disease were investigated to describe the high-risk group for carotid artery disease. In 41% of patients carotid examination produced normal findings; 46.2% had less than 60% luminal stenoses, 7.1% had 60-79% stenoses, 4.6% had 80-99% stenoses, and 1.2% had total occlusion. Previous cerebral ischemic events (CVE) (p < 0.05), hypertension (p < 0.01), smoking (p < 0.01), advanced age (p < 0.01), and female sex (p < 0.01) were identified as high-risk factors for carotid artery stenoses. There was a linear association between carotid disease and coronary disease (p < 0.05). Documentation of previous CVE, hypertension, smoking, advanced age, female sex, and severe coronary artery disease may be helpful in identifying patients at high risk for carotid artery stenoses.