Subgrid-scale modelling at low mesh Reynolds number

Subgrid-scale models are derived for large-eddy simulations in the limit of low mesh Reynolds number, or, equivalently, resolution approaching that required for full resolution of the simulated turbulent flow. The models are constructed from standard forms of the dissipation spectrum in a manner analogous to that used to derive the classical Smagorinsky-Lilly model from the inertial range spectrum. Practical methods for computing the subgrid-scale eddy viscosity are described, together with examples of the effects of using such models in a real simulation.