Properties of presympathetic neurones in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in the rat: An intracellular study 'in vivo'

1. Intracellular recordings were made in pentobarbitone-anaesthetized rats from sixty-eight neurones located in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), which responded with inhibition (latency, 33.6 +/- 9.3 ms) after stimulation of the aortic depressor nerve with short bursts of pulses. This inhibition was due to chloride- and voltage-dependent IPSPs. 2. Seventeen neurones could be excited antidromically after stimulation in the T2 spinal segment (conduction velocity, 1.9-8.5 m s(-1)) and were classified as RVLM presympathetic vasomotor neurones. 3. 'Spontaneously' active neurones (n = 29) displayed a largely irregular pattern of firing, with no clear relationship between the level of the membrane potential and cycles of phrenic nerve activity at end-tidal CO2 < 5.0%. Cardiac cycle-related shifts of the membrane potential were not considered indicative of baroreceptor input as they could be due to movement artifacts. 4. All neurones displayed synaptic activity (EPSPs and IPSPs, peak-to-peak large amplitude > 5.0 mV). The depolarizing IPSPs observed during injection of chloride and/or negative current consisted of a phasic and a tonic component. 5. The on-going activity of these neurones resulted from synaptic inputs, with individual action potentials usually preceded by identifiable fast EPSPs. 6. No evidence was found for the presence of gradual depolarizations (autodepolarizations) between individual action potentials, and therefore under these experimental conditions the activity of RVLM presympathetic neurones did not depend on intrinsic pacemaker properties. 7. These results are consistent with the 'network' hypothesis for the generation of sympathetic vasomotor tone.