A novel transcription factor, ELF5, belongs to the ELF subfamily of ETS genes and maps to human chromosome 11p13-15, a region subject to LOH and rearrangement in human carcinoma cell lines

The ETS transcription factors are a large family implicated in the control of cellular proliferation and tumorigenesis. In addition, chromosomal translocations involving ETS family members are associated with a range of different human cancers. Given the extensive involvement of ETS factors in tumorigenesis, it becomes important to identify any additional ETS genes that may also play oncogenic roles. We identify a novel gene, ELF5, that appears to belong to the ELF (E74-like-factor) subfamily of the ETS transcription factor family, based upon similarity within the 'ETS domain'. ELF5 displays a similar, but more restricted, expression pattern to that of the newly isolated epithelium-specific ETS gene, ELF3. Unlike most other ETS family members, ELF5 is not expressed in hematopoietic compartments, but is restricted to organs such as lung, stomach, kidney, prostate, bladder and mammary gland. ELF5 is localized to human chromosome 11p13-15, a region that frequently undergoes loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in several types of carcinoma, including those of breast, kidney and prostate. We find that ELF5 expression is not detectable in a number of carcinoma cell lines, some of which display loss or rearrangement of an ELF5 allele. Similar to other ETS family members, ELF5 displays specific binding to DNA sequences containing a GGAA-core. In addition, ELF5 is able to transactivate through these ETS sequences, present upstream from a minimal promoter. Our data suggest that ELF5 may play roles in mammary, lung, prostate and/or kidney function, and possibly also in tumorigenesis.