Uranium mining in East Germany was accompanied by piling up of more than 300 Mio m 3 of radioactive waste rock material, often adjacent to settlements. This resulted at some places in mean outdoor radon concentrations of 1000 Bq/m(3) and more. In 1991, the national corporation WISMUT was charged with rehabilitation of the sites. For waste rock piles, WISMUT developed the concept of in situ remediation involving reshaping and covering of the piles. The optimised I m thick cover allows to reduce the radon exhalation rate by a factor greater than 10. Reshaping and covering of the piles guarantees that the remediation target of I mSv of annual effective dose for the local population will be met. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V