Endoscopic mitral and tricuspid valve surgery after previous cardiac surgery

Background - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a right video-assisted approach for atrioventricular valve disease after previous cardiac surgery. Methods and Results - Between December 1st 1997 and May 1st 2006, 80 adults (mean age 65 +/- 12 years; 56% female) underwent reoperative surgery using a video-assisted approach without rib spreading. Previous cardiac operations included mitral valve (39%), CABG (29%), congenital (10%), and other (23%). For 25% of patients, this was at least their third cardiac operation. Mean time to redo surgery was 15 +/- 12 years. Femoral vessel cannulation and endoaortic clamping were routinely used. Mean preoperative Euroscore was 9.0 +/- 2.7 (5 to 20) and predicted mortality was 16.0 +/- 14.2% (4 to 86). Median preoperative NYHA class was II and mean follow-up was 25 +/- 22 months. Lung adhesions necessitated sternotomy in 4 cases and cannulation problems in another patient. Total operative mortality was 3.8% (n = 3), O/E for mortality being 0.24. Procedures were mitral valve repair (45%; n = 36), replacement (50%; n = 40) and tricuspid valve replacement (5%; n = 4). Additional procedures were performed in 44% (n = 35). Mean aortic crossclamp and procedure time were 92 +/- 37 and 267 +/- 64 minutes. Mean postoperative blood loss was 815 +/- 1083 mL. Postoperative morbidity included 2 strokes (2.5%). Mean hospital stay was 10.7 +/- 6.7 days. Survival at 1 and 4 years was 93.6 +/- 2.8% and 85.6 +/- 6.4%. There was 1 late reoperation at 5 years. Median NYHA class at follow-up was II. When comparing, all but 1 patient (98.8%) preferred their minimally invasive approach when considering perioperative pain, postoperative rehabilitation, and final esthetic result. Conclusions - Video-assisted minimal access correction of atrioventricular valve disease after previous cardiac surgery is not only feasible but had lower than predicted mortality and strong patient satisfaction. It should therefore be used more frequently in today's practice.