Recognition force microscopy/spectroscopy of ion channels:: applications to the skeletal muscle Ca2+ release channel (RYR1)

The skeletal muscle Ca2+ release channel (ryanodine receptor 1, RYR1) plays an important role in the excitation-contraction coupling process. We purified ryanodine receptor type 1 from rabbit white muscle and adsorbed it to mica sheets with the cytoplasmic side facing up. Single receptors of uniformly distributed size and shape of 10-12 nm height and 40-50 nm width, and occasionally some aggregates were seen in contact mode AFM images. These immobilized RYR1 were specifically recognized by rabbit anti-RYR1 (antibody#8) with at least 30% efficiency, as measured by an enzyme immunoassay with goat-anti-rabbit. Single specific antibody-antigen recognition events were detected with AFM tips to which an antibody#8 was tethered. In linear scans, the occurrence of antibody-antigen binding showed significant lateral dependence, which allowed for the localization of binding sites with nm resolution. Variation of the loading rate in force spectroscopy experiments revealed a logarithmic dependence of the unbinding forces, ranging from 42 to 73 pN. From this dependence, a bond width of the binding pocket of L = 0.2nm and a kinetic off-rate of k(off) = 12.7s(-1) was determined. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.