AIDS: A major health problem among young, Italian women

Objectives: To estimate the extent of the HIV/AIDS epidemic among Italian women and to assess its impact on mortality. Further, to assess the incidence of AIDS and the main characteristics of women affected by AIDS, with particular attention to those aged 25-34 years, and to identify differences in these characteristics compared with men infected with AIDS. Methods: Incidence data were derived from the Italian National Register of AIDS Cases (RAIDS). The most recent complete data refer to cases diagnosed to the end of 1994. Mortality data were collected from the Italian mortality database, which is held by the Italian National Census Bureau (ISTAT) and processed by the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the National Institute of Health of Italy (Istituto Superiore di Sanita; ISS). The most recent mortality data refer to 1992, but projections were made to obtain mortality data up to 1994. All the rates were standardized by age and sex. Results: A total of 26 957 cases of AIDS, 21 441 men (79.5%) and 5516 women (20.5%), diagnosed before the end of 1994 were reported to RAIDS. The majority of cases and deaths occurred in individuals aged 25-34 years. The incidence of AIDS among women increased from 2.1 per 100 000 in 1987 to 17.2 per 100 000 in 1994. The sex ratio (men:women) fell from 5.2 in 1987 to 2.9 in 1994. In 1992, AIDS was the second most common cause of death (slightly behind cancer and ahead of traffic accidents) in Italy but was the most common cause in three regions of northern Italy (Liguria, Lombardia and Emilia). Conclusions: Although the AIDS epidemic in the past has predominantly affected young men, AIDS is now rapidly becoming a major health problem for young women in Italy. Moreover, as these women are at reproductive age, this may have important consequences in terms of increased morbidity and mortality among children.