Non-ideal projectile impact on targets

This survey summarizes analytical, numerical and experimental investigations of targets subjected to nonstandard collisions, penetration and perforation of strikers. defined as all cases other than normal impingement of a purely translating impactor on a stationary target at normal incidence. The vast majority of ballistic studies are concerned with the standard configuration and conditions indicated, but virtually all field situations deviate from this scenario. The topics treated here include: oblique impact, yaw impact, impact with yaw and obliquity, impact on moving targets, rotating penetrators, impact of tumbling projectiles, impingement of jets or long rods with relative target motion, and ricochet. Other types of nonideal projectile impact exist, but have not been sufficiently explored to be documented here. The sections are divided by striker type (where applicable) as spheres, projectiles and long rods; by velocity range, and by the type of investigation performed. Sufficient technical information is presented to provide a reasonable assessment of the character, approach and results obtained for the various studios. If more detailed information concerning analytical or experimental procedures are required, the reader should consult the original references which are fully listed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.