Blockade of α5β1 integrins reverses the inhibitory effect of tenascin on chemotaxis of human monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes through three-dimensional gels of extracellular matrix proteins

Tenascin is an extracellular matrix protein found in adults in T cell-dependent areas of lymphoid tissues, sites of inflammation, and tumors. We report here that it inhibited chemotaxis of chemoattractant-stimulated human monocytes and chemoattractant-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) through three-dimensional gels composed of collagen I or Matrigel, and chemotaxis of leukotriene B-4-stimulated PMN through fibrin gels. The inhibitory effect of tenascin on monocyte or PMN chemotaxis through these matrices was reversed by Abs directed against alpha (5)beta (1) integrins or by a peptide (GRGDSP) that binds to beta (1) integrins. Tenascin did not affect leukotriene beta (4)- or fMLP-stimulated expression of beta (1), or beta (2) integrins, but did exert a small inhibitory effect on PMN adhesion and closeness of apposition to fibrin(ogen)-containing surfaces. Thus, alpha (5)beta (1), integrins mediate the inhibitory effect of tenascin on monocyte and PMN chemotaxis, without promoting close apposition between these leukocytes and surfaces coated with tenascin alone or with tenascin bound to other matrix proteins. This contrasts with the role played by alpha (5)beta (1) integrins in promoting close apposition between fMLP-stimulated PMN and fibrin containing surfaces, thereby inhibiting chemotaxis of fMLP-stimulated PMN through fibrin gels. Thus, chemoattractants and matrix proteins regulate chemotaxis of phagocytic leukocytes by at least two different mechanisms: one in which specific chemoattractants promote very tight adhesion of leukocytes to specific matrix proteins and another in which specific matrix proteins signal cessation of migration without markedly affecting strength of leukocyte adhesion.