Careers in the next millennium: Directions for future research

Researchers have tended to focus on idealized models of careers that no longer accurately describe most workers (Arthur & Rousseau 1996; DeFillippi & Arthur 1996). The purpose of this article is to go beyond these models and examine careers in new ways. We suggest that the career patterns implemented by individuals will be influenced by two major factors: (1) transferability of competencies and (2) level of internal work values. Based on this differentiation, we propose a model of career types and examine the implications of this model for researchers, managers, and workers.