Neurodevelopmental antecedents of early-onset bipolar affective disorder

Background Developmental impairments have been identified as a risk factor for early-onset schizophrenia. Affective symptoms are more common in children and adolescents with disordered neu redevelopment than in healthy controls. Aims To test the hypothesis that severe early-onset mood disorders are associated with developmental antecedents. Method We retrospectively identified 38 adolescent, cases (15 female, 23 male; mean age 14.4 years, range I I - 18) who mel. ICD-IO Research Diagnostic Criteria for a manic episode, bipolar affective disorder or psychotic depression, and 41 controls (25 female, 16 male, mean age 14.2 years, range 11 - 18) with depression but without psychotic features. Results Cases were significantly more likely to have experienced delayed language, social or motor development (OR 5.5, 95% CI=1.4-21.6, P=0.01), in particular those who develop psychotic symptoms (OR 7.2, 95% CI=1.8-28.6, P=0.003). Conclusions Compared to early-onset unipolar depression, neurodevelopmental antecedents are over-represented in early-onset bipolar disorder. The validity of this finding was supported by contemporaneous IQ scores that are not subject to the same potential biases as case-note ratings. Declaration of interest None.