TLR-dependent IL-4 production by invariant Vα14+Jα18+ NKT cells to initiate contact sensitivity in vivo

LPS stimulated B-1 cell polyclonal in vivo IgM responses depend on IL-14 release by invariant V alpha 14(+)J alpha 18(+) NKT (iNKT) cells. The IgM Abs can recruit effector T cells to mediate contact sensitivity. LPS activates the B-1 cell response just 1 day later, and depends on CD1d, iNKT cells, IL-4, TLR4, and MyD88. LPS in vivo and in vitro stimulates rapid preferential production of IL-4 in hepatic iNKT cells within 2 h. TLR4 were demonstrated in iNKT cells by flow cytometry and functional studies. Thus, innate microbial stimulation via TLR can activate iNKT cell and B-1 cell collaboration. The result is polyclonal IgM Ab responses capable of recruiting Ag-specific T cells into tissues. This may be involved in the promotion of autoimmunity by infectious agents.