Phenotypic plasticity in Daphnia magna Straus:: Variable maturation instar as an adaptive response to predation pressure

被引:36
作者
Barata, C
Baird, DJ
Soares, AMVM
机构
[1] Univ Aveiro, Dept Biol, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal
[2] Univ Stirling, Inst Aquaculture, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland
关键词
genetic variability; offspring size; mortality; predation;
D O I
10.1007/s004420100712
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Life history responses of four Daphnia magna clones at two food levels were studied to assess the importance of maturation instar on the plasticity of fitness responses under simulated mortality regimes. Females of the clones studied could vary offspring size with consequent effects on their maturation time. Significant genetic variability in life history and fitness responses, measured as the intrinsic rate of population increase, within and across food levels was observed, but most of this variation could be attributed to maturation instar differences among clones within and across environments. In the laboratory, without extrinsic mortality, females maturing earlier always had higher fitness than those maturing later, indicating a clear fitness cost of delaying maturity. Nevertheless using a model, we showed that the observed maturation instar effects on life history responses can lead to differences in fitness under different size-selective predation regimes, such that females with delayed maturity have higher fitness under invertebrate predation while females maturing earlier have higher fitness under fish predation regimes. These results suggest that intraclonal variation in offspring size and hence in the number of maturation instars can be an adaptation to living in habitats subject to temporal fluctuations in fish and invertebrate predation pressure.
引用
收藏
页码:220 / 227
页数:8
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