Effectiveness of pegylated interferon/ribavirin combination in 'real world' patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Background Clinical trials have shown that the combination of pegylated interferon/ribavirin induces a sustained virological response in 54-63% of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection, but its effectiveness in day-to-day clinical practice is less clear. Aim To verify if the efficacy of pegylated interferon/ribavirin combination in 'real world' patients is comparable to that observed in trials. Methods The medical records of 397 consecutive naive patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection treated with pegylated interferon/ribavirin combination in nontertiary hospital settings were reviewed in order to assess the response to anti-viral treatment. Results The sustained virological response rate achieved in this population was similar to that recorded in registration trials (total population: 64%; genotype 1: 46%; genotypes 2-3: 84%). Also, the premature discontinuation rate (15%) was similar to that observed in registration trials, but there were fewer dose reductions in one or both medications (26%). We confirmed the association between adherence and sustained virological response among the patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 who were treated for >= 80% of the planned duration of treatment. Conclusion The effectiveness of pegylated interferon/ribavirin therapy and factors predicting an sustained virological response in everyday clinical practice mirror those reported in randomized-controlled studies.