A hot/cool-system analysis of delay of gratification: Dynamics of willpower

被引:1770
作者
Metcalfe, J [1 ]
Mischel, W [1 ]
机构
[1] Columbia Univ, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10027 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1037/0033-295X.106.1.3
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
A 2-system framework is proposed for understanding the processes that enable-and undermine-self-control or "willpower" as exemplified in the delay of gratification paradigm. A cool, cognitive "know" system and a hot, emotional "go" system are postulated. The cool system is cognitive, emotionally neutral, contemplative, flexible, integrated, coherent, spatiotemporal, slow, episodic, and strategic. It is the seat of self-regulation and self-control. The hot system is the basis of emotionality, fears as well as passions-impulsive and reflexive-initially controlled by innate releasing stimuli (and, thus, literally under "stimulus control"); it is fundamental for emotional (classical) conditioning and undermines efforts at self-control. The balance between the hot and cool systems is determined by stress, developmental level, and the individual's self-regulatory dynamics. The interactions between these systems allow explanation of findings on willpower from 3 decades of research.
引用
收藏
页码:3 / 19
页数:17
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