Consequences of smoking for body weight, body fat distribution, and insulin resistance

被引:784
作者
Chiolero, Arnaud [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Faeh, David [1 ,4 ]
Paccaud, Fred [1 ]
Cornuz, Jacques [1 ,3 ]
机构
[1] CHU Vaudois, Inst Social & Prevent Med, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
[2] Univ Lausanne, Inst Social & Prevent Med IUMSP, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
[3] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ambulatory Care & Community Med, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
[4] Univ Lausanne, Dept Physiol, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
关键词
D O I
10.1093/ajcn/87.4.801
中图分类号
R15 [营养卫生、食品卫生]; TS201 [基础科学];
学科分类号
100403 ;
摘要
Our aim was to critically evaluate the relations among smoking, body weight, body fat distribution, and insulin resistance as reported in the literature. In the short term, nicotine increases energy expenditure and could reduce appetite, which may explain why smokers tend to have lower body weight than do nonsmokers and why smoking cessation is frequently followed by weight gain. In contrast, heavy smokers tend to have greater body weight than do light smokers or nonsmokers, which likely reflects a clustering of risky behaviors (eg, low degree of physical activity, poor diet, and smoking) that is conducive to weight gain. Other factors, such as weight cycling, could also be involved. In addition, smoking increases insulin resistance and is associated with central fat accumulation. As a result, smoking increases the risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and these factors increase risk of cardiovascular disease. In the context of the worldwide obesity epidemic and a high prevalence of smoking, the greater risk of (central) obesity and insulin resistance among smokers is a matter of major concern.
引用
收藏
页码:801 / 809
页数:9
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