Practical Roadmap and Limits to Nanostructured Photovoltaics

被引:152
作者
Lunt, Richard R. [1 ,2 ]
Osedach, Timothy P. [3 ]
Brown, Patrick R. [4 ]
Rowehl, Jill A. [5 ]
Bulovic, Vladimir [2 ]
机构
[1] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
[2] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[3] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
[4] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[5] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
nanostructured photovoltaics; efficiency limits; organic semiconductors; molecular semiconductors; colloidal quantum dots; colloidal nanocrystals; SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; COLLOIDAL QUANTUM DOTS; LONG-TERM STABILITY; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; CARRIER MULTIPLICATION; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS; EXCITON FISSION; SINGLET FISSION;
D O I
10.1002/adma.201103404
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
The significant research interest in the engineering of photovoltaic (PV) structures at the nanoscale is directed toward enabling reductions in PV module fabrication and installation costs as well as improving cell power conversion efficiency (PCE). With the emergence of a multitude of nanostructured photovoltaic (nano-PV) device architectures, the question has arisen of where both the practical and the fundamental limits of performance reside in these new systems. Here, the former is addressed a posteriori. The specific challenges associated with improving the electrical power conversion efficiency of various nano-PV technologies are discussed and several approaches to reduce their thermal losses beyond the single bandgap limit are reviewed. Critical considerations related to the module lifetime and cost that are unique to nano-PV architectures are also addressed. The analysis suggests that a practical single-junction laboratory power conversion efficiency limit of 17% and a two-cell tandem power conversion efficiency limit of 24% are possible for nano-PVs, which, when combined with operating lifetimes of 10 to 15 years, could position them as a transformational technology for solar energy markets.
引用
收藏
页码:5712 / 5727
页数:16
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