Assessment of prevalence and determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder in survivors of earthquake in Pakistan using Davidson Trauma Scale

Introduction: Pakistan's 2005 earthquake claimed almost 87,000 lives and displaced millions. The present study sought to assess PTSD prevalence among earthquake survivors, to evaluate its determinants, and to identify protective factors that suggest future interventions in the aftermath of disasters. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, three districts were selected based on their proximity to the epicenter and the presence, accessibility, and security of refugees, 300 earthquake survivors were enrolled. Results: Analysis revealed that after 30 months, PTSD prevalence was high. Being female, older, unmarried, head of the family, and currently unemployed and having low income and living in temporary housing confer higher risks of PTSD. Having a high social capital and religious inclination seem to have protective, buffer effect and increase resilience against PTSD. Conclusion: This is the first post-quake study in Pakistan that has utilized, adapted and validated Davidson Trauma Scale in the local context. Results imply the significance of continued psychological support, of drawing on resilience factors in PTSD management. Implications and directions for future research are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.