Cytarabine therapy for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with AIDS

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous cytarabine in the treatment of AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), we reviewed the charts of all human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with PML who were seen during a 28-month period at our institution. Patients with biopsy-proven PML were offered therapy with intravenous cytarabine (2 mg/[kg . d] for 5 days every 4 weeks), The diagnosis of PML was histologically confirmed for 13 patients, The median CD4 cell count was 91 x 10(6)/L. A median of three courses of cytarabine was administered to eight patients, Two patients developed mild drug-related toxicities, Clinical and/or radiological signs of improvement were observed for three patients treated with cytarabine; no signs of improvement were noted for the untreated patients, Median survival time after the diagnosis of PML was 102 days (range, 46-220 days) for patients who received cytarabine and 60 days (range, 28-72 days) for untreated patients matched for Karnofsky scores (P = .06, logrank test), Although cytarabine is well tolerated by patients with AIDS and PML, only modest short-term clinical improvement in the conditions of patients treated with the drug has been observed, with no significant impact on survival.