Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), a member of nuclear receptors, is expressed at a high level in adipose tissue and plays an important role in adipocyte differentiation. In the present study, we identified the expression of PPAR gamma in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and gel mobility shift assay. In addition, to investigate whether PPAR gamma in RASMC is functional or not, we examined the effect of two specific ligands for PPAR gamma, a thiazolidinedione anti-diabetic agent, troglitazone, and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2), on the transcriptional activity of PPAR responsive element (PPRE). A significant increase in the activity of PPRE by addition of these ligands was found. These results suggest that in RASMC, target genes for PPAR gamma may be activated by specific ligands for PPAR gamma through PPRE in their promoters. In conclusion, PPAR gamma is expressed and functional in vascular smooth muscle cells. (C) 1998 Academic Press.