Human reproductive failure II: Immunogenetic and interacting factors

被引:44
作者
Choudhury, SR [1 ]
Knapp, LA [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Cambridge, Dept Biol Anthropol, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, England
关键词
early pregnancy loss; HLA; pregnancy; recurrent spontaneous abortion; reproductive failure;
D O I
10.1093/humupd/7.2.135
中图分类号
R71 [妇产科学];
学科分类号
100211 ;
摘要
Studies in humans suggest that reproductive failure may be influenced by immunological factors or by genes encoding immunological factors and regulatory mechanisms controlling immunological expression. Using molecular methods, immunological factors can be dearly studied in an immunogenetic context. One example, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), known as the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in humans and MHC in other mammals, affects many different stages of reproduction. Studies in some outbred, and in closely related, human populations indicate that HLA, or HLA-linked, genes and HLA regulatory factors affect gamete development, embryo cleavage, blastocyst and trophoblast formation, implantation, fetal development and survival. Studies in nonhuman mammals indicate that MHC, or MHC-linked, genes such as the grc complex, Ped/Qa-2, t haplotypes and MHC regulatory factors, have similar reproductive effects. Human reproductive failure may also be a consequence of disruption of interacting factors, including interactions between HLA antigens, cytokines and natural killer (NK) cells. In this review, we highlight the importance of immunogenetic and interacting factors in human reproductive failure. We argue that studies in closely related human populations and animal models may contribute to a better understanding of the ways in which immunogenetic and interacting factors are involved in human reproduction.
引用
收藏
页码:135 / 160
页数:26
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