The Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes (FIND) Design and methods

被引:74
作者
Knowler, WC
Coresh, J
Elston, RC
Freedman, BI
Iyengar, SK
Kimmel, PL
Olson, JM
Plaetke, R
Sedor, JR
Seldin, MF
机构
[1] Case Western Reserve Univ, Metrohlth Med Ctr, Dept Genet Epidemiol & Biostat, Cleveland, OH 44109 USA
[2] NIDDKD, Diabet & Arthrit Epidemiol Sect, Phoenix, AZ USA
[3] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol Biostat & Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
[4] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Internal Med Nephrol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA
[5] NIDDKD, Diabet Nephropathy Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
[6] NIDDKD, HIV Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
[7] Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA
[8] Case Western Reserve Univ, Kammelkamp Ctr Res & Educ, Cleveland, OH 44109 USA
[9] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol Chem & Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA
关键词
nephropathy; diabetes; genetics; linkage; admixture;
D O I
10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2003.12.007
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Background: The Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes (FIND) is a multicenter study designed to identify genetic determinants of diabetic nephropathy. It is conducted in eight U.S. clinical centers and a coordinating center, and with four ethnic groups (European Americans, African Americans, Mexican Americans, and American Indians). Two strategies are used to localize susceptibility genes: a family-based linkage study and a case-control study using mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium (MALD). Methods: In the family-based study, probands with diabetic nephropathy are recruited with their parents and selected siblings. Linkage analyses will be conducted to identify chromosomal regions containing genes that influence the development of diabetic nephropathy or related quantitative traits such as serum creatinine concentration, urinary albumin excretion, and plasma glucose concentrations. Regions showing evidence of linkage will be examined further with both genetic linkage and association studies to identify genes that influence diabetic nephropathy or related traits. Two types of MALD studies are being done. One is a case-control study of unrelated individuals of Mexican American heritage in which both cases and controls have diabetes, but only the case has nephropathy. The other is a case-control study of African American patients with nephropathy (cases) and their spouses (controls) unaffected by diabetes and nephropathy; offspring are genotyped when available to provide haplotype data. Conclusions: Identification of genes that influence susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy will lead to a better understanding of how nephropathy develops. This should eventually lead to improved treatment and prevention. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
引用
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页码:1 / 9
页数:9
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