Pollinator behavior and deceptive pollination: Learning process and floral evolution

被引:74
作者
Ferdy, JB [1 ]
Gouyon, PH
Moret, J
Godelle, B
机构
[1] Conservatoire Bot Bassin Parisien, F-75005 Paris, France
[2] Univ Paris Sud, Lab Evolut & Systemat, F-91405 Orsay, France
[3] Inst Natl Agron Paris Grignon, F-75005 Paris, France
关键词
deceptive pollination; pollinator behavior; density dependence; frequency dependence; floral polymorphism; Batesian mimicry;
D O I
10.1086/286200
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Some species of flowering plants engage in nonmodel deceptive pollination, attracting pollinators by large nonmimetic floral displays and providing no reward. Pollinators can learn to avoid deceptive plants and to favor nectariferous species. The reproductive success of these species is expected to be density dependent for two opposite reasons: the commoner cheating flowers are, the easier they are to avoid and the lower the quality of the patch, making it more difficult to recognize that unrewarding flowers are not profitable. When a deceptive species is made up of multiple floral variants, pollinators' learning could decrease the reproductive success of any particularly common floral variant. Within a population of deceptive plants, mean reproductive success could, therefore, vary with the number of floral variants. We investigate these three hypotheses by modeling the behavior of pollinators foraging in communities of deceptive and rewarding flowers. Simulations revealed that the reproductive success of deceptive flowers varies in a density-dependent manner and that floral variants can be submitted to negative frequency-dependent selection. We compare density dependence in nonmodel deceptive species to what is expected in Batesian mimics and discuss possible selection of morphological variants. Finally, we survey how pollinators' learning capacities can make mean reproductive success depend on morphological variability within a population.
引用
收藏
页码:696 / 705
页数:10
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