Hepatic fas antigen expression before and after interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C

To assess the relationship between hepatitis C virus infection and Fas antigen expression on hepatocytes, we examined changes in hepatic Fas antigen expression in the presence or absence of active hepatitis C virus infection. Twenty patients with chronic hepatitis C infection were treated with interferon and underwent pre- and posttreatment liver biopsies. Patients were classified according to the absence (group A; n = 9) or the presence (group B; n = 11) of hepatitis C virus RNA (HCV-RNA) in the liver after interferon therapy. An immunohistochemical assay showed Fas antigen staining in hepatocytes membranes and cytoplasm with expression concentrated mainly in periportal areas. The percentage of Fas-positive cells in the liver before treatment was not different between group A (39.5 +/- 19.1%) and group B (32.5 +/- 15.6%). Hepatic Fas expression was reduced significantly after treatment (24.3 +/- 10.6%) compared with the pretreatment values in group A (p < 0.05) but not in group B (25.9 +/- 16.9%). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the degree of histologic improvement. These results suggest that hepatic Fas expression is associated with persistent infection of hepatitis C virus.