Histological Organization is Similar in Human Vocal Muscle and Tongue-A Study of Muscles and Nerves

One of the most exciting questions about the human voice is how the vocal fold produces and modulates different sounds. One hypothesis to explain the wide range of movements found in the vocal fold is based on the variety of muscle fiber orientations in the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle. The tongue (TO) muscle is considered the most complex structure in the body in terms of muscle fiber orientation and movements. Thus, possible similarities between these two muscles and their innervations, the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and hypoglossal nerve (XII), could explain the complex movements executed by the focal fold. Moreover, such studies help us to understand some microanatomical aspects of vocal fold reinnervation, based on XII-to-RLN anastomosis. Therefore, this study investigates the histological organization of TA and TO muscles and their innervations (n = 12 subjects). The muscle fibers were classified into three categories according to their orientation (transverse, undefined, and longitudinal). To quantify the percentage of fibers in each category in the TA and TO, the shape coefficient (shape Z) was estimated. Qualitative analysis and estimation of fiber area and shape Z show that the histological organization of TA and TO muscle is similar. Both muscles present the same percentage of transversal (similar to 72%), undefined (similar to 15%), and longitudinal fibers (similar to 10%). By contrast, the authors' analysis of the morphometric parameters of the RLN and XII shows that there is no correlation between these nerves. In conclusion, in humans, TA and TO muscles present similar histological organization and this finding could help to explain interesting questions about human phonation.