β-adrenergic signal transduction following carvedilol treatment in hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy

Objective: Treatment with the beta-blocker carvedilol leads to an improvement of outcome and ejection fraction in heart failure. These effects occur without affecting the number of beta-adrenergic receptors, as determined in right ventricular biopsies from patients with heart failure. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of carvedilol on beta-adrenergic signal transduction alterations in a model of left ventricular pressure overload, which is characterized by sympathetic activation and a desensitized beta-adrenergic signal transduction. Methods: Transgenic rats with overexpression of renin [TG(mREN2)27] were treated with carvedilol (30 mu g/kg) or held under control conditions and were compared with Sprague-Dawley rats. Myocardial beta-adrenoceptors (I-125-labeled iodocyanopindolol binding), Gi alpha (pertussis toxin labeling), Gs alpha-activity (reconstitution into cyc-S49 membranes) and adenylyl cyclase activity were measured. Blood pressure and heart rate, increase in heart rate during sacrifice and pressure rate products were determined. Results: beta-Adrenoceptors were downregulated and Gi alpha-protein levels were significantly increased, producing a desensitization of basal, isoprenaline- and guanine nucleotide-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity compared to controls. Carvedilol reduced heart rate, blood pressure and pressure rate product in TG(mREN2)27. Carvedilol did not restore biochemical alterations, but even further reduced beta-adrenoceptor numbers and adenylyl cyclase. It exhibited a two affinity state, guanine nucleotide-sensitive binding to cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors similar to isoprenaline but different from metoprolol. Conclusions: Carvedilol did not restore beta-adrenergic signal transduction at concentrations producing antiadrenergic effects in vivo. This effect might be due to an atypical guanine nucleotide-dependent interaction with beta-adrenergic receptors. Thus, ancillary properties could explain the recently reported beneficial effects in patients with heart failure independent from an upregulation of beta-adrenergic receptors. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.