Magnetic field, dust and axisymmetrical mass loss on the asymptotic giant branch

I propose a mechanism for axisymmetrical mass loss on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) that may account for the axially symmetric structure of elliptical planetary nebulae. The proposed model operates for slowly rotating AGE stars, having angular velocities in the range of 10(-4)omega(Kep) less than or similar to omega less than or similar to 10(-2) omega(Kep), where omega(Kep) is the equatorial Keplerian angular velocity. Such angular velocities could be gained from a planet companion of mass greater than or similar to 0.1M(Jupiter), which deposits its orbital angular momentum to the envelope at late stages, or even from single stars that are fast rotators on the main sequence. The model assumes that dynamo magnetic activity results in the formation of cool spots, above which dust forms much more easily. The enhanced magnetic activity towards the equator results in a higher dust formation rate there, and hence higher mass-loss rate. As the star ascends the AGE, bath the mass-loss rate and magnetic activity increase rapidly, and hence the mass loss becomes more asymmetrical, with higher mass-loss rate closer to the equatorial plane.