Transnational technology transfer networks for SMEs. A review of the state-of-the art and an analysis of the European IRC network

This paper will review the effectiveness of the network approach to technology transfer. It will consider the current state-of-the-art, and examine specifically the results and status of the latest development of the IRC technology transnational transfer network supported by the European Commission. It will also draw from the practical experiences of Japan to stimulate innovation among SMEs; the experience of other informal networks of technology transfer professionals and commercial technology transfer companies. In Europe the IRC network currently consists of 68 offices covering 31 countries. This network was started in 1995 and it is a distinct case of an operating innovation virtual network covering a multicultural area. How such a network was set up with a top down approach will be discussed as well as the outcome and future of the network in view of a recent review study. Of utmost importance is its focus on SMEs as part of the, up to now, successful policy towards the promotion of co-operative innovation in the SME environment. Its offer-focused model will also be analysed and consideration given as to whether this offer-focused model, as opposed to a demand-focused model, can be sustained. The influences that the different socio-economic environments across Europe have been playing in the network performance will also be discussed.