What caused the Black Death?

被引:71
作者
Duncan, CJ [1 ]
Scott, S [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Liverpool, Sch Biol Sci, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England
关键词
D O I
10.1136/pgmj.2004.024075
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
For the whole of the 20th century it was believed that the Black Death and all the plagues of Europe ( 1347 - 1670) were epidemics of bubonic plague. This review presents evidence that this view is incorrect and that the disease was a viral haemorrhagic fever, characterised by a long incubation period of 32 days, which allowed it to be spread widely even with the limited transport of the Middle Ages. It is suggested that haemorrhagic plague emerged from its animal host in Ethiopia and struck repeatedly at European/Asian civilisations, before appearing as the Black Death. The CCR5-Delta 32 mutation confers protection against HIV-1 in an average of 10% of the people of European origin today. It is suggested that all the Delta ccr5 alleles originated from a single mutation event that occurred before 1000 BC and the subsequent epidemics of haemorrhagic plague gently forced up its frequency to 561025 at the time of the Black Death. Epidemics of haemorrhagic plague over the next three centuries then steadily raised the frequency in Europe ( but not elsewhere) to present day values.
引用
收藏
页码:315 / 320
页数:6
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