Within-session patterns of responding during functional analyses: The role of establishing operations in clarifying behavioral function

Functional analysis procedures have been demonstrated to be effective for identifying the operant mechanisms underlying problem behavior. However, functional analyses sometimes yield results that are undifferentiated (i.e., show similar levels of responding across test conditions). Within-session (i.e., minute-by-minute) analyses of response patterns during undifferentiated functional analyses have proven useful in clarifying behavioral function. This study extends previous research by examining within-session changes in responding associated with variations in relevant establishing operations. Levels of problem behavior during the presentation and removal of reinforcement were compared when responding occurred in test conditions associated with sources of social reinforcement (i.e., access to attention, materials, escape). Results showed that changes in responding associated with changes in relevant establishing operations could be examined to clarify behavioral function. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd.