Use of RDA analysis of knockout mice to identify myeloid genes regulated in vivo by PU.1 and C/EBPα

PU.1 and C/EBP alpha are transcription factors essential for normal myeloid development, Loss-of-function mutation of PU.1 leads to an absolute block in monocyte/ macrophage development and abnormal granulocytic development while that of C/EBP alpha causes a selective block in neutrophilic differentiation. In order to understand these phenotypes, we studied the role of PU.1 and c/EBP alpha in the regulation of myeloid target genes in vivo. Northern blot analysis revealed that mRNAs encoding receptors for M-CSF, G-CSF and GM-CSF, were expressed at low levels in PU.1(-/-) fetal liver compared with wild type. To identify additional myeloid genes regulated by PU.1 and C/EBP alpha, we performed representational difference analysis (RDA), a PCR-based subtractive hybridization using fetal livers from wild type and PU.1 or C/EBP alpha knockout mice. By introducing a mew modification of RDA, that of tissue-specific gene suppression, we could selectively Identify a set of differentially expressed genes specific to myeloid cells, Differentially expressed genes included both primary and secondary granule protein genes. In addition, eight novel genes were identified that were upregulated in expression during myeloid differentiation, These methods provide a general strategy for elucidating the genes affected in murine knockout models.