Cardiovascular anomaly, impaired actin bundling and resistance to Src-induced transformation in mice lacking p130Cas

p130(Cas) (Cas), the protein encoded by the Crkas gene (also known as Gas), is an adaptor molecule with a unique structure that contains a Src homology (SH)-3 domain followed by multiple YXXP motifs and a proline-rich region(1). Cas was originally cloned as a highly tyrosine-phosphorylated protein in cells transformed by v-Src (refs 2,3) or v-Crk (ref, 4) and has subsequently been implicated in a variety of biological processes including cell adhesion(5), cell migration(6), growth factor stimulation(7-9), cytokine receptor engagement(10,11) and bacterial infection(12,13). To determine its role in vivo, we generated mice lacking Gas. Cas-deficient embryos died in utero showing marked systemic congestion and growth retardation. Histologically, the heart was poorly developed and blood vessels were prominently dilated. Electron microscopic analysis of the heart revealed disorganization of myofibrils and disruption of Z-disks. In addition, actin stress fiber formation was severely impaired in Cas-deficient primary fibroblasts. Moreover, expression of activated Src in Cas-deficient primary fibroblasts did not induce a fully transformed phenotype, possibly owing to insufficient accumulation of actin cytoskeleton in podosomes. These findings have defined Cas function in cardiovascular development, actin filament assembly and Src-induced transformation.