The bridge from nanoscale phenomena to macroscopic processes

Electrochemical phenomena exert themselves over wide ranges of time and length scales. The most difficult applied problems are those for which different scales are important simultaneously. Recent fundamental scientific advances have been made at many time and length scales including those associated with the molecular structure of the solid-liquid interface. This papers provides examples from electrodeposition, etching and localized corrosion where understanding of the liquid-solid interface is of central importance. These advances in scientific understanding are driving the need to develop improved engineering methods for linking knowledge gained at different levels of scale in order to speed design and optimization of technological systems. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.