Late asthmatic reactions induced by inhalation of allergen-derived T cell peptides

In individuals with atopy and asthma, allergen-derived T cell peptides injected intradermally induce isolated late asthmatic reactions (LARs) followed by bronchial hypo responsiveness to peptide, inhibition of the allergen-induced cutaneous late-phase reaction, and altered T cell function in vitro. Laboratory animal data indicate that "activation" and "tolerance" also occur if peptides are inhaled. In this study, we show that inhalation of Fel d 1-derived peptides induced isolated LAR in individuals with asthma sensitive to cat allergen comparable with that previously demonstrated using intradermal injection. LARS were accompanied by eosinophilia and nonsignificant elevations of total cysteinyl leukotrienes in the sputum. Unlike the intradermal route, repeated inhalation of peptides was not associated with abrogation of the LAIR and produced a sputum eosinophilia comparable with the first exposure. In addition, there was no inhibition of the cutaneous late-phase reaction to whole cat dander. Thus, isolated LAIR induced by inhaled, allergen-derived peptides represent a novel model of provoked asthma and are not associated with the induction of hyporesponsiveness ("tolerance") in the skin or lung.