Selective predators and their parasitized prey: Are epidemics in zooplankton under top-down control?

被引:108
作者
Duffy, MA
Hall, SR
Tessier, AJ
Huebner, M
机构
[1] Michigan State Univ, Wk Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA
[2] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA
[3] Univ Illinois, Sch Integrat Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
[4] Michigan State Univ, Dept Stat & Probabil, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
关键词
D O I
10.4319/lo.2005.50.2.0412
中图分类号
Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Seasonal change in the intensity of fish predation affects succession in lake zooplankton communities. Predation affects not only the zooplankton prey, but also their parasites. Because the ability of a parasite to spread depends in part on the death rate of the hosts, seasonal reductions in the intensity of predation on zooplankton could lead to parasite epidemics. We examined seasonal population dynamics, mortality rate, and incidence of parasitism in lake populations of Daphnia to determine whether parasitism displayed seasonality and synchrony among lake populations and whether any such patterns are consistent with seasonal changes in predation rates. Infections of a bacterial parasite (Spirobacillus cienkowskii) in Daphnia dentifera populations were seasonal with epidemics in many lakes occurring synchronously in autumn. In situ foraging behavior of the dominant fish planktivores, bluegill sunfish, is highly selective on infected Daphnia. Mortality rates on the Daphnia drop just prior to the initiation of epidemics. An epidemiological model shows that this magnitude of decrease in mortality rate, if driven largely by a reduction in predation, can account for the seasonal occurrence of epidemics in our Daphnia populations. Together, these results suggest that parasitism in Daphnia populations may be seasonally restricted by fish predation.
引用
收藏
页码:412 / 420
页数:9
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